Art Songs and Spirituals by African American Women Composers
If yous've ever taken an fine art history class or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are you know a lot about the men who "defined" their mediums. Equally with other subjects, most of what nosotros larn about art history today still centers on white men from Europe and, subsequently, the United States. In reality, there are so many more artists of all genders to learn from and appreciate.
Here, we're specifically taking a look at simply some of the women who have had lasting impacts on their art forms. From some of the art globe'southward most iconic pioneers to its about unsung heroes, these women artists all had a hand — and, in some cases, still take a paw — in changing the world of art and how we define it.
Laura Wheeler Waring
Laura Wheeler Waring was an artist and educator who taught at Cheyney University in Pennsylvania for more than 30 years. After studying the work of painters like Cézanne and Monet while abroad, she returned to the Usa, condign best known for her portraits of prominent Blackness Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.
Cindy Sherman
Photographer Cindy Sherman was part of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is perhaps most well known for her series of Untitled Film Stills (1977–fourscore) — self-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of various generic female person film characters, amongst them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and lonely housewife" (via MoMA). In this series, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media's influence over our individual and commonage identities.
Yoko Ono
You might first think of Yoko Ono equally a musician and activist, but she'south too an accomplished operation and conceptual creative person. Ono was considered a pioneer in the performance art movement, earning the nickname the "High Priestess of the Happening".
One of her most revered works, Cut Slice, was a performance she first staged in Japan; Ono sat on phase in a nice arrange and placed pair of scissors in front of her, and, in an act of daring vulnerability, invited audience members to come up on stage and cut away pieces of her clothing. "Art is like breathing for me," Ono has said. "If I don't do it, I showtime to choke."
Betye Saar
Before becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied design and was employed as a social worker. A printmaking elective inverse her entire career trajectory — and, in turn, part of the trajectory of fine art history.
Saar was part of the Blackness Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and assemblage, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Black Americans. "To me the trick is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If yous can get the viewer to look at a work of art, then you might be able to requite them some sort of message."
Frida Kahlo
It's rare to find someone who hasn't at to the lowest degree heard of Frida Kahlo. A cocky-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes similar expiry and identity through her self-portraits. Kahlo often used assuming, bright colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded equally one of the most influential artists of the Surrealist movement.
Yayoi Kusama
Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young historic period, but she's besides known for her hyper-existent sculptures, polka dots, installations, and and so much more. Like many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms series, which apply mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.
Amy Sherald
Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Black Americans, often doing everyday activities — something that became more common in portraiture writ large in the mid-19th century. Odds are that y'all recognize Sherald's piece of work — and her signature grayscale skin tones — as she was the first Black adult female to complete a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery.
Georgia O'Keeffe
Known as the female parent of American modernism, you lot likely associate Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New Mexico'southward landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, simply maybe, the skyscrapers of New York City. In the 1920s, she was the first woman painter to gain the respect of the New York art world, all by painting in her unique style.
Adrian Piper
Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York Urban center. She used her work to question social club, identity, and racial politics by demanding the audience to confront truths about themselves. She oftentimes challenged people on the streets of New York to guess her race, socio-economical class, and gender — all while dressed as a Black man with a simulated mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her clothes.
Shirin Neshat
Shirin Neshat left Iran in 1974 to study fine art in Los Angeles, California — earlier the Iran Islamic Revolution took place. She is best known for her photography, film, and video piece of work, much of which explores the relationship between Islam's cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat's works often create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.
Jenny Holzer
As a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer'due south work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advertising billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.
These works display phrases that human activity as meditations on diverse concepts, such every bit trauma, knowledge, and promise. 1 of her more notable works, I Smell You On My Skin, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the sentence conveys.
Rebecca Belmore
Much of Rebecca Belmore's art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the Beginning Nations People in Canada. Equally an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to enhance awareness around the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Indigenous North American civilization. In 2005, she was the first Indigenous adult female to stand for Canada at the Venice Biennale.
Louise Conservative
While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Bourgeois is better known for her installation fine art and sculptures — like the spider above — which were inspired by her own experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when abstraction and conceptual art were the main styles shaping the art earth.
Mickalene Thomas
Heavily influenced past pop culture and pop art, Mickalene Thomas frequently embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her work, Thomas centers Black American women, whom she believes embody power and femininity.
Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago was one of the major figures within the early on Feminist Art movement. As exemplified in her iconic work The Dinner Political party, her installation pieces often examine the office of women in history and culture — in the 1970s and before. While at California Country University in Fresno, Chicago founded the first feminist art program in the U.s..
Augusta Cruel
Augusta Savage was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Black Americans in the arts. In addition to creating breathtaking sculptures, ofttimes of Black folks, Brutal founded the Brutal Studio of Craft in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years after, she became the first Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.
Carolee Schneemann
Known for her provocative performance fine art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body fine art". (Just look up her well-nigh famous work, Interior Scroll, and you'll see what we hateful.) She used her body to examine women'southward sensuality and liberation from the oppressive aesthetic and social conventions established by our patriarchal gild.
Nan Goldin
Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin'south piece of work challenges traditional power relations. In addition to documenting New York City'south queer subculture post-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crisis, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.
Elaine Sturtevant
Does this look like an Andy Warhol to y'all? Well, that'south the idea! Elaine Sturtevant, who went past her terminal proper noun professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, not-quite-right copies of big-proper noun artists' work.
Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite angry. Nonetheless, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the structure of fine art culture.
Ruth Asawa
During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly complex wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa'due south last public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco State University, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during Earth State of war II.
Catherine Opie
Known for her studio, portrait, and landscape photography, Catherine Opie has been a photographer since the historic period of nine. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing and so, displays diverse subcultures in formal portraits — merely in a manner that conveys power and respect by evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.
micha cárdenas
micha cárdenas is an artist, author, theorist, and assistant professor who won an Touch on Laurels at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Award from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes education is the path to liberation and uses VR and art to address global issues such every bit racism, gendered violence, and climate modify.
Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner was an Abstruse Expressionist painter who likewise specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and assemblage to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Assistants (WPA).
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